The history of America could have been
difficult to be written short of the significance of its founding fathers. The
North America transformation that occurred in 1793 was an important period for
the U.S. as it was the conclusion of a long warfare involving Europe and
America. In Colin G. Calloway’s “The Scratch of a Pen 1793,†the reader if
informed of the different occurrences that resulted into the social conditions
as well as how these events transformed all through the year1763. The paper
looks into the historical significance of social conditions in reference to the
text “The Scratch Of A Pen 1763†that was authored by Colin G. Calloway
In 1793, the people who were living in
the United States were so many, including the English, the Scots-Irish, Africans,
Germans, French et cetera. On the farthest West, the region was inhabited by
the Spaniards along with the French and a mixture of diverse Indian Tribes.
During that time, the French, as well as the British, had completed their
dominance in the North American region; the colonies believed that whoever had
control over Ohio country would win the whole American continent. Both Britain
and France were petrified regarding what one of them would do in order to win.
For the Spaniards, they had chosen to keep out of the war throughout the Sever
Year’s War. The Treaty of Paris 1763 was the end to the Seven Years’ War that
was as well referred to as the French - Indian war in America. Calloway, in
this book, enlightens the reader that this was more than the mere involvement
of the French as well as Indian in the war. Both France and Britain wanted to
overcome the Indians since they are inhabited Ohio Country; that was the
founding land of the Indians in America. An alliance had been formed between
the Indians and the French, but inopportunely the French had given the land
belonging to the Indians to the British devoid of even having consultations
with them. The Indians complaints are highlighted in the above book:
“Instead of restoring to us our lands,
we see you in possession of them, & building more Forts in many parts of
our Country, notwithstanding the French are dead,†(Calloway 55).
Immigration of people from Europe into
Indian’s lands: In addition to the British indifference towards the Natives,
immigration of individuals from Europe as well as the colonies into the Indian
lands merely aggravated tensions (Calloway 56-58). The absolute numbers of
Europeans who were moving into the `backcountry' astounded British efforts of
controlling the tide. Most of the `front line' settlers had the tendency to be
an uncontrollable lot, and they were accustomed to the self-rule lifestyle. A
number of the most leading colonists, as well as George Washington, had a
desire to exploit the land rush that had started following the war's aftermath
(Calloway 60-65). Through purchasing of the land prior to the settler’s
arrival, they had a hope of making a fortune out of it. Their thinking was on
the basis of the supposition that all the new land by then were under the
English Crown hands, instead of being under the Native American tribes.
However, beneath there was a frantic need to recuperate financially from the
war. In Virginia, even though Washington had married an affluent widow, his assets
all through the war were "swallowed up before I knew where I was, all the
money I got by the Marriage, nay more, brought me in Debt" (Calloway 28).
The mixture of smallpox epidemics, food
shortage, broken promises, as well as indifference through the British Army, it
inescapably led to the foremost revolution in America (Calloway 67-74). A
countrywide revolt led by the Delaware Chief Pontiac left the British Army
aggravated and spread thin. The Forts that was transverse to the eastern half
of the U.S. were taken and out of anxiety, and `gifted' to the Indian leaders.
During the last part, competing loyalties, sickness, as well as the need for
the right to use European goods destabilized the attempt to exonerate North
America of Whites. Even though, colonists effectively revolted in opposition to
the British rule 12 years afterwards, the status in addition to susceptibility
of the Native Americans prohibited them from keeping hold of autonomy in a fast
changing continent.
As Calloway asserts, the Seven Years
War continued for nine years in the United States, owing to the half-a-century
long competition involving the French and the British, regarding the control of
Canada as well as the trans-Appalachian West. The British had fared poorly at
the onset of the war. Calloway observes that, with the elimination of the
French threat by the British on the frontier, the American colonists spilt out
the mountains to claim the Ohio and Kentucky lands that were very fertile.
There was much bloodshed that ensued during the fighting of the settlers by the
Indians. In the book, Calloway makes a conclusion by the following statement:
“Peace brought little peace and much turmoil to North America.â€
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