Sexual assault is a forced or unwanted
sexual activity. It may be in the form of forceful kissing, exhibitionism, rape
and groping. Before sexual assault could begin, the victim might face various
threats that make the culprit have the
control of the situation. The passing of
sexual threats to an individual could also be into
consideration as a sexual assault.
One might threaten to have sex with a
vulnerable person because he or she has authority over the victim. Incest sex could
also be referred to as an act of sexual
assault (Neidig, 2009). The issue of sexual harassment had attracted the attention
of the American security due to the increased sexual harassment in the colleges
(MacKinnon,
1991). The
college has to formulate a straightforward
method that would openly allow the students to report any form of sexual
harassment for investigation. The Title IX formula would help in ensuring the
schools are from any form of sexual harassment.
The writer of the article “compass
sexual assault study “gives the reality of sexual assault that college student
goes through. College students undergo
various types of sexual assault that are popular in the college. University
student is so curious that they have to
test for almost everything. Most of the assault are out of curiosity that they
have and in the process of testing them (Neidig, 2009).
Sexual assault could also be defined as a form of violating the sexual
privacy of an individual. It could be just a touch on the body in a way
suggesting the need for more than a
touch. The touch has to be with a particular part of the body (Neidig,
2009). Through verbal communication, one could easily cause sexual
assault by passing information that interferes
with the sexual integrity of the victim. An act would only be considered sexual assault depending on the area of
jurisdiction. Some cultural practice could be
regarded as sexual assault by people of different culture. Whatever is deemed to be a sexual assault could just be
a normal way of life to another culture.
The Title IX defines sexual harassment
as an awkward behavior that sexually irritates and is never welcomed by the
victim. The form of sexual harassment is mostly
found in the colleges (MacKinnon,
1991).
According to Title IX, sex discrimination
together with sexual harassment is
prohibited from the schools. The sexual harassment based on gender
discrimination has been an issue in Yale states. Schools have been advised to
take frontline in ensuring the campuses are free of sex discrimination. The
administration is father encouraged to
act in any form of sexual harassment that
could crop in.
There are various cases of sexual
assaults that go unreported; it could be due to the fear of shame by the victim or
bribery (Cantor, 2015). Most of the women
fear to share the experience of sexual
assault with their friend with the fear that they would taint their name. Men
could also be victims of sexual assault,
but it would be very rare for a person to
report a sexual assault due to the egocentrism in the male (MacKinnon,
1991). Sexual
assault could as well be any nonconsensual sexual intimacy that involves any of the unwanted sexual
practices.
There various concepts of sexual
assault that individual face. Sexual violence- sexual violence is considered an
attack since it involves harassment,
verbal abuse rape and the use of homicide. The parties that take part in sexual
violence could be friends, relatives or even members of the same family. Most
of the victims of sexual violence know
the cause of the act and the performers of the act (Neidig,
2009).
Criminal Sexual Assault- may involve the use objects that are not sexual
organs to penetrate through the female sex organ (MacKinnon, 1991). The use of non-sexual body like the anus to pass the penis through it
would be referred to as unlawful sex. It
would be illegal to use the mouth and any other part of the body apart
from the vagina, and the penis is not sex organs. The penis is never considered in the mouth and the anus,
it is an act of sexual crime.
Rape- almost every country has its
definition of rape according to their culture. In some state in the United
States of America, a touch of any sensitive part of a human body becomes a sign
of rape (Cantor, 2015). It is considered a sexual assault. Rape involves the use of physical strength in trying to have a
forceful sexual intercourse. Relationship violence- the violence includes people who are in a given kind of
relationship (Stone,
2015). The
parties that get involved in this type of violence could be boy and girlfriend
or parents. The type of violence might involve the abuse of sexual
organs or violation of the importance and the respect given to the bodies. One person might use sexual threats
that cause an assault on the victim.
Catherine in her report, she says that
94% of the American campus rape are never
reported to the police. Sexual
assault is considered unlawful by all states what differs is the definition of
the act the makes an action to be regarded as a
sexual assault. The legal law recognizes
situations of the sexual assault before any judgment could be passed on the victim. The victim could be
incapacitated when he or she lacks the mental ability to make a sexual judgment.
The law covers even the sexual assault that might occur between individuals of
the same sex (MacKinnon,
1991). In some
states, sexual assaults could be
considered in two different ways. They distinguish between violent sexual
assault that involves penetration, and
the lighter side would be the unauthorized
touch that sexually provoke the victim. The law of the states prohibits any form of assault that puts the victim in fear through the use of threats.
The federal legislation of the states
also prohibits the sexual assault that occurs at the point when the victim is incapacitated (Cantor,
2015). Sexual assault is rampant in the
universities and colleges. The research
found that their fellows have sexually attacked
about 65% of the university student at on point.
It was
reported that male professors had been using the female students for sex promising to give them good grades in the
exams. Some female victims got the threat
of arrest for tainting the name of the university professor without evidence (MacKinnon,
1991). The
court could not find a proper evidence to rule for
the student. A study in the United States on the sexuality of the school
students shows that about 90% students have been forced to violate their
rights. Students have been forced by their
teachers to kiss him or hers forcefully and even do more sexual act than
kissing (Cantor, 2015). Criminal justice has to take the charge to ensure a free environment for the students to study
without fear of assault.
Intoxicated
Rape
Drug use among the college
going students in the United States has been on the rise among both the male
and female students. Alcohol is the widely abused substance by the college
going students due its availability, and
most of the students have reached or are passed
the minimum age requirement. Most of the
time the students find themselves in modern
place or during a social gathering where
they consume a lot of alcohol, this impairs their reasoning leading to increasing in rape among several vices (Neidig, 2009).
A lot of literature have been written
the issue of intoxicated rape, and the
recent article in the Wall Street Journal
on who is to be blamed when both the victims are drunk and the male ends up
raping the female. The regular commentator James Taranto that the approach
given to the issue should be a balanced one so that the blame is not only on
the male student alone but the two should be parties involved should be held
culpable. There are reasons why men tend to rape women when they are both
intoxicated which has made the act to increase in colleges and university
across the US.
Expectations of male students seem
to rise with the increase in the level of
intoxication that is, men feel more powerful, sexually active and their
aggressive nature increases with increase in the circulation of alcohol in
their body. It is the feeling of being powerful and sexual when one is drunk
that has always led to the increase in rape; this happens since the flawed reasoning make them misinterpret the
friendliness of the female companion as being a sexual interest advanced
towards him. The lady may also be as drunk as the male student at this time
leading to rape.
The second reason to increase in the
number of intoxicated rape cases among college students is the stereotypic
reasoning that women who drink in the social joints and bars to be promiscuous
sexually hence making them a target for sexual advances (Stone,
2015). It is
common therefore in Universities for a
male student to take a girl for a date then give her alcohol as this will lead
to them having sex later on. In an instant when the two end up in a room when
both are drunk if the male makes moves on a woman, her level of resistance may be affected thus increasing the
chances of rape. Evidence of an interview
with college going ladies proves that,
when they are intoxicated, the female tend to give in easily unlike when sober
when they have several ways of dodging the situation if such happens.
Among the female students in
colleges, victims with highest chances of falling into the trap of rape are the
girls also known as a sorority. Sorority is a group of women students who have come together for
social reasons. It has been proven over
time that men are attracted to such groups as sorority since they are
associated with partying and heavy drinking with the result being intoxicated rape. Group members of such organizations
and fraternity have one thing they follow, to drink a lot of alcohol heavily
then act in a manner that is immoral;
this has most of the time ended up in casual sex mostly without the consent of
the female. What is apparent is that several women who join such organizations on campus are new to heavy drinking making them
fall into the much mature male who prey
on them when they are drunk.
Consent and
Sexual Assault
The term consent is defined
loosely as when someone mostly a woman, agrees, says “yes†or permits the other
individual to have sex with her partner. The parties involved are always free
to say “yes,†“no,†“no permission†before the other makes a move on them (MacKinnon,
1991). According
to the University of Michigan, the set policies on sexual conduct by the
students, defines consent in details thus, an agreement that is crystal and unambiguously expressed in words that both the
individuals can mutually understand before they engage in any particular
activity. Ones the parties have consented, either of them can withdraw the
agreement at his or her wish, and the
other is expected to obey (Stone, 2013). An agreement before sex according to
the policy must be given voluntary, that is; it might not be valid if the accord
subjects a lady to a behavior that may cause emotional pain or intimidation or
psychological pressure or fear. Consent revolves around the idea that every
human being has the right to personal
sovereignty, that is to say, an individual should not be acted upon by the
other person in a manner that is sexual without them giving permission which
should be personal.
The party involved should
make sure that they consent every situation that involves sex and that they
should not assume the body language of the other. It is then important to
clarify the feeling of your partner before advancing a sexual move on her. Any
assumption by the body language or the appearance which include the way a
person dresses, looks at the other, smiles, act,
etc. should not be misinterpreted to mean
consent. The second condition involves individuals
who have had sexual activity at one point or are dating, these two should not
be confused to mean that when they meet at any
time, one feels like engaging in sexual intercourse
they make a move.
In colleges across the US, the rate of sexual assault has been on the
rise this does not only include the number of reported cases but also the ones
that go unreported due to laxity of the victim. The victim may fear the
embarrassment associated by being raped
as majority frown upon such revelations. According to the American Civil
Liberty Union, the estimated percentage of the number of violations in colleges that go unreported is
95, this happens mostly when the victims are scared of speaking about the act,
the attacker is personally known to the victim or in some cases feel that
reporting the case will not help them.
Sexual assault in colleges
across the country has been on the rise due to the,
and this is because institutions have
continued to deny the existence of the vice,
also, in several cases, the perpetrator of the act go unpunished. In some instances
the victims are not eager to report to the relevant authority even after being
assaulted, this complicates the matter as it contradicts the requirement of
Title 9. It is always a requirement that the professional counselors are not
supposed to report to the authority if the victim is not willing to pursue a legal case.
Gender and
Sexual Assault
Title 9 on the issue of sex is clearly defined, this means that access
to justice should be served equally to
both male and female in the case of assault. Gender and sexual harassment, in this instance, entails making innuendos, giving out names to a
person of a different gender, the names
are sexually motivated, or finally
touching someone in a manner that is not appropriate. Sexual assaults in
colleges involve the unwanted and unwelcome
behaviors that have significant interference with the access of education to the student (MacKinnon, 1991).
The issue of gender and sexual
assault in colleges is common mostly towards the girls who are tricked into submission even though few reported cases are available in the male being
harassed by the female. Institutions have documented that the majority
of students who make advances towards
sexual harassment are an athlete who is in football or basketball.
There are recommendations for the prevention of sexual assault in
colleges that may help reduce the vice in;
they involve teaching the college members to act in case of such situation of sexual violence. The
action may be regarding report to the relevant authority, peer
education on the issues of consent before sex, avoiding overindulgence in alcohol during social events among others. The
second recommended is though risk reducing this involve the empowering of those
at risk of being sexually assault through messages
that will remind them of the dangers and also talking to the people who might
carry out the act.
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