The three case studies presented in the
question contain a similar pattern in the way the dilemmas are framed. In the
first instance, Norian, a special kind of cement has been approved to be used
in filling the cracks found in the arm and the skull. This innovation has been
noted to be positive since it has helped in saving multiple lives and hence it
has been ethically right. However, upon using it in spinal structures,
different patients end up passing on and this raises the question of the
suitability of the drug (Cervinski 188). In the other case, an unethical
culture of the TAP Pharmaceuticals is revealed by Douglas Durand upon taking
the post of the vice president of the company. This indicates a change in
character that necessitated positive outcomes. Lastly, Texaco employs diversity
as a strategy for enhancing the performance of the employees. The employees are
engaged based on their credentials and their capacity to deliver the right
services to the customers (Cervinski 189). To sum it all, the three case studies
have indicated a pattern inclined towards the success of the organizations
besides adhering to the ethical standards required I most organizations.
Various similarities and differences
have been noted among the three dilemmas. The first similarity pertains the
decisions made by the staff present in the different agencies tabled in the
case study. It has been noted that the management or leaders arrived at
decisions which were ethically right and served to fulfill the interests of the
final consumer. For instance, Douglas Durand decided to use TAP Pharmaceuticals
for its unethical practices such as bribery, offering Lupron samples for free
or at a small discount and the failure of representatives to account for the
free samples. This led to the company paying a fine of $875 and hence causing
the operations of the company to be executed in an ethical manner
(Lutomia et al., 55). Besides these, the differences in the
dilemmas are in the way the solution is arrived at. In the case, "Bad to
the Bone," the Norian substance is initially alleged to be fit for use in
fractured bones and arms (Aier 47). However, controversy sets in after
further research identifies that the drug formed dangerous blood clotting
problems that could lead to death when mixed with blood (Lutomia
et al., 61).
In the other two cases, the dilemma
situations are resolved by revolutionary leaders within their organization. In
the TAP Pharmaceuticals, Durand Douglas takes a significant step of suing the
company, and this stimulates the incorporation of appropriate and ethical
measures in its daily functions (Cervinski 188). Conversely, at Texaco, Bijur, the
incoming CEO initiates appropriate action that increases the efficiency and
effectiveness in the tasks performed by the company. Through his strategy of
hiring, developing, and promoting a diverse workforce, women and minorities
were hired, and this served to increase the profit margins of the company (Aier
54).
The variations experienced to determine
the way they are resolved. In the scenario of "Bad to the Bone,"
further investigations identified the company to be in violation of the FDA
rules. This led to the induction of four individuals besides the payment of a
penalty of $23 million (Aier 59). In the case of TAP Pharmaceuticals, the company was issued
with a higher penalty as compared to the previous case. Besides this, a 14
percent share was given to Durand for playing the whistleblower role in the
company (Lutomia
et al., 68). Lastly,
the Texaco company resolved its issue through the hiring of a new CEO by the
name of Bijur. Under the leadership of Bijur, the company succeeded to abolish
discrimination, harassment, and retaliation at the workplace. This necessitated
equality and fairness for all the employees of the enterprise, and hence the
profitability of the company increased (Aier 66). This information informs us that
despite the diversity of the strategies taken by various companies, the outcome
arrived at is likely the same since it contributes to customer satisfaction.
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