The increased numbers of infirmities
have been noted to cause dis-functioning of various organs that require being
transplanted. To enhance efficiency in the transplant, rationing of these
life-saving procedures should be induced and properly implemented. This will
entail the incorporation of proper criteria for the selection of patients to
undergo a transplant besides the allocation of a certain organ to the right
individual. Conversely, there are various ethical and fruitful ways of
rationing organs for transplant that will be elaborated in this paper.
The first ethical way of rationing
organs for transplant is through the implementation of the needs and outcome
policy. Under the needs plan, those patients that depict the greatest risk of
death are prioritized (Neuberger, 2011). This is an efficient system since it
has saved the lives of those patients that are on the verge of dying. The lives
of those saved as a result of this initiative are of great importance to the
Kenyan economy since their skill can be harnessed and hence contribute to the
growth and development of the economy. However, despite the success of this
policy, it has been associated with increased medication costs alongside
denying the access to transplantation to patients with proper organ function
but the unacceptable quality of life that can only be corrected through
transplantation (Neuberger, 2011). Therefore, the right to die in this
life-saving policy must be balanced with that of an intolerable quality of
life. Also, the outcome of the transplant is a core factor in arriving at an
ethical means of organ transplant. These results may be based on those patients
listed for transplantation, absolute or adjusted for quality of life, and
whether the transplant will be for the patient or the graft (Neuberger, 2011).
Moreover, the other means that will
ensure that there is ethical and fruitful rationing of organs will entail the
benefit accrued because of the transplant (Neuberger, 2011). In this criterion,
the transplant should be allocated to that recipient who will have the maximum
benefit when the survival without and with the transplant is estimated
(Howard & Cornell, 2016).
Those individuals with the shortest expected survival without the
transplantation may be the sickest and hence may be preferred over the rest
patients. On the other hand, the post-transplant survival may be reduced in a
less sick patient together with the utility and an increase in the health-care
costs (Neuberger, 2011). On the contrary, the concept of minimum benefit has
also been accepted in some instances such as for the liver patients. The
condition under which this condition is recognized is when the patient has a
50% probability of surviving five years with a quality of life that is
acceptable to the recipient (Neuberger, 2011).
For proper rationing of organs for
transplant, equity must take center stage of this whole procedure. This has
been proven to be an effective way of rationing organs for transplant since
every person who requires a transplant will have a similar opportunity,
regardless of other factors such as age, gender, and the expected survival with
or without the transplant (Neuberger, 2011). Equity policy may be properly
implemented if is on a first come first-served basis (Howard
& Cornell, 2016).
However, other factors such as the blood groups of the donor and the recipient
must be checked to prevent transplantation of organs that differ in the blood
groups with the winner as this may cause blood clotting. Moreover, geographic
equity should also be incorporated in such a way that individuals awaiting a
graft will be entitled to the same chance of getting it irrespective of their
place of residence (Howard & Cornell, 2016).
Conclusively, the ways discussed above
are the most effective means of ensuring the presence of an ethical and
fruitful rationing of organs for transplant. The assessment of how needy an
individual is will help in saving the lives of the sickest patients within
health care facilities. Moreover, the outcome policy and the benefit accrued as
a result of implementing the transplant will ensure that those who will benefit
mostly get the graft on time. Therefore, the implementation of these measures
together with the equity policy will enhance quality health care services
offered to patients thus increasing the reputation of these facilities (Howard
& Cornell, 2016).
This will go a long way into increasing the revenues earned by the hospitals
hence resulting in proper payment of the staff.
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