1). The Federalist papers 51 and 1,
written by Madison addresses two distinct problems and also suggest solutions
to the problems. In Federalist #10, Madison addresses the problem of the
constitution. He advocates in this paper for the adoption of the constitution. This
paper was written in 1787 presenting an argument that having a robust central
government can aid in guard against the rise of factionalism within the smaller
states. The robust central government opts to remain unprejudiced. Madison in
this paper also talks about the distinction between a republic and
democracy. On the other hand, the
Federalist #51 written in 1788, addresses the issue of separation of power
between three arms of government in the U.S.
Madison argued that there should be three arms of government that are
separate from each other; but have the same degree of power, however, the
legislative arm should have bigger power. He notes that the government opts to
control people. Nonetheless, the individual rights are supposed to be
safeguarded. Also, in this paper,
Madison notes that in any ideal society, there would be need of people and
government whose power is ultimate.
2). The
revolution and governing documents both addresses different agendas. The
governing documents focus on the issue of governance in the society, whereby,
it argues that power comes from the people, and the government should be a
representation of the individuals. It talks about the constitution that guides
the people in matters of governance, such as the creation of different arms of
government. Therefore, the agenda of the governing document is to address
matters related to governance in the U.S after the declaration of independence.
On the contrary, the revolutions document talks about the fight against
inequality, inhumane treatment against certain groups of the people the
society. It is a declaration of the independence of the people from all forms
of political and social mistreatments. The document calls for unity and the
need of people working together to build a society, where all people are
treated equally. The practical purpose
of the governing document is to ensure that there are proper governing structures
in the U.S after independence for the purpose of peace and stability, while the
revolutions document aims at declaring that all people are free and equal.
3).
Rousseau would agree with Jefferson's
assertion that all people are created equal, and no person is greater than the
other in the eyes of God. Therefore, the
assertion that colonist is ‘ people' would be used to indicate that they are
all similar with the Americans, given nobody is different from one
another. The colonists tried to behave
as if they were different from others by giving themselves more power than the
rest of the Americans. They had more political and economic power, denying
others their natural rights. Thus, it is right to say the colonist were ‘
people.' The colonists during the war
they become one as they were fighting against being controlled by the British
Empire. Same as Americans they needed political liberty to determine their destiny
in life, such as liberty in matters of trade. Thus, they did not remain
distinct but worked together in the fight for independence.
4).
The best political approach, in this case, would be the right approach rather
than utility one. The right approach empowers the people to do things according
to their will as long as they do not violate the right of others. Given people
have brains to reason, allowing them to enjoy rights would result in more
productive society, where people are truly happy and are fulfilled
economically. On the contrary, taking the utility approach would deny people
social and political freedoms that are a key to a fulfilled and happy society.
This would create problems in the society. Susan B. Antony argument would be
different if the American Independence Declaration were based on utility
principle. He would be opposed completely to the ideas as it amounts to the
violation of the rights of people. The utility principle would mean that slave
would not have any natural rights to proper treatment as long as their action
maximize utility in the society. Thus, do to her stand against slavery and
inequality; she would strongly oppose utility principle as the basis of the
American society. The Declaration of Independence document would not have same
inspirational power if it were based on utility principles, as some of the
people would not be respected, especially the slaves and minorities.
5). The
Federalist and various authors, such as Jock Locke advocates for a strong
federal government, where there was a separation of power between various arms.
For purposes of having strong federal government according to the authors is to
avoid factionist within the states. This would ensure that the Union of various
states remained strong. The solution to one arm of government having more power
than the other is through ensuring that all different arms have similar power,
but the legislative one has more power. In matters of where the power of
governing should come from, the author advocate for the power to come from the
people, by electing their representatives in governance institutions.
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