Outline
Introduction
Theme: Race, ethnicity and sports
Citation: Race can be defined based on the
text as a social constructions that categorizes people based on certain
socially recognized physical characteristics that may distinguish them from
other groups of people in the society
Topic: Race and Ethnicity in sports
Position: Racism in sports is a social problem that is
limiting the full potential of young athletes in the society
Citation from outside source regarding importance of
topic
Throughout most of the history of American
football and this refers to all levels, the position of quarterback was always
reserved for white athletes
Final thesis statement: For many
years, white Americans have racially discriminated African Americans and
sidelined them as second class citizens and considering them as inferior.
However, African Americans have proven themselves equals if not more especially
in the field of sports Race (2016).
Counter evidence &
refute (racism based on aspects of genetics are insufficient for discrimination)
EX1) In the film Race coach Snyder does not show any form
of prejudice against Jessy Owens and he is open minded towards his involvement
in the school race team to represent in Berlin’s Olympics Race(2016).
EX2)
from a scientific point of view, the variations in genetics among people of
different races are insufficient to describe the reality of racism as socially
described in the society (Delaney and Madigan, 2014)
Weaken the counter argument with evidence for my argument
EX1) Social constructions of racism has are
only developed to fuel the aspect of superiority of over other races (Delaney
and Madigan, 2014). However, many racial prejudice such as superiority in
sports have in many cases proven racist ideologies wrong by producing exception
African Americans athletes such as Jessy (Race, 2016)
Evidence 1: Exclusion
of other races other than white Americans in various sporting opportunities
because of being considered as inferior.
EX1) for many years the position of the quarter back has
been reserved for whites. This is because it is a position considered as one
that needs a lot of strategic thinking. The sidelining of other races from this
position is based on the prejudice that whites are superior to other races.
EX2) The movie Race shows how it is rare for African
Americans to be part of sports. There are only two African Americans in the
racing team and they get harassed because of their skin color (Race, 2016)
Evidence 2: The notions
of superiority of the Caucasian race over other racial groups fueled the aspect
of racial discrimination in many parts of the world.
EX1) The society views African Americans as unintelligent
and inferior and that is the notion that fueled the fascism led by Adolf Hitler
against the Jews. This led to the holocaust. The Nazis views themselves as the
descendants of the Aryan race which they considered superior over other races
((Delaney and Madigan, 2014))
EX2)
In the movie race, Jessy Owns manages to win his first medal at the Berlin
Olympics but Hitler refuses to personally congratulate him because of his race.
Evidence 3: restriction
to access sporting resources and be part of the sports community because of
race.
EX1) The aspect of racism has hindered many African
Americans and people of color from accessing sports like the rest of the
society. This has hindered and limited the capabilities of potential sportsmen.
The use of IQ to measure intelligence and close the opportunity for African
Americans to play in certain sports ((Delaney and Madigan, 2014).
EX2) In the movie, Jess’s first win under coach Snyder
ends in a record break of 100yards in 9.3 seconds but the official refutes it
and puts it as 9.4 because Jessy is African American(Race, 2016).
Conclusion
Racism in sports exists as tool to lock down African
Americans because of notions of inferiority, however, they have constantly
proven these notions wrong by producing exceptional sportsmen form time to
time.
Implications for sports in general
As a result of the negative implications of
racism, the country holds back on the opportunity of more success with the help
of capable young men and women because of racial prejudice.
In the movie Race,
there was a lot of hypocrisy for the part of the United States where they had
high levels of racial discrimination and segregation yet they were quick to
judge the Germans and their treatment of the Jews.
Racism and Ethnicity in Sports
Racism exists in sports and is a great social
problem. It is associated with social constructions developed by a particular
group in the society whereby they categorize physically another group and
distinguish them or mothers. Racism is associated with socially constructed
prejudice and stereotypes that are used to discriminate against particular
groups of people in the society. Their lack any substantial differences between
different races as far as genetics are conducted. As a result, racial prejudice
and stereotypes are used to make other social groups inferior to dominate them,
and social control them. In America, racism exists in sports (Madigan,
2014). For many years white Americans
consider themselves superior to other racial groups. The movie Race is a clear
representation how racism occurs in sports is gives a story of a young African
American who excels in sports despite various limitations of race. For many years white Americans have racially
discriminated against African American and considered them inferior, however,
African Americans have from time to time proven themselves equal if not more
especially in the field of sorts (Hopkins, 2016).
Racism and Genetics
Genetically
speaking the variations that exist between different groups of people are very
insufficient to support the existing reality or racial discrimination in the
world. The racially constructed aspects
of racism lack a strong basis for the discrimination (Madigan,
2014). This means there lacks much
different between different groups of people in the society. In the moving
race, the coach is open minded about Jessy Owner. This is unlike any other
white American in the school. This also shows that not all white Americans are
racist and is a show of social hope. The coach gives Jessy a chance to work
with him and even considers him as part of the team that would represent the
country in the Berlin Olympics (Hopkins, 2016).
Social constructions of racism have only been
developed to fuel aspects of superiority by one race against others. However,
much racial prejudice such as superiority in sports have in many cases been
proven wrong by producing exception African American athletes such as Jesse
Owens (Madigan,
2014).
Evidence 1:
Exclusion from Sporting Opportunities
One of the main aspects that show the existence of
racism in sports is the high misrepresentation of African Americans are sports
based on racial exclusion. A good example is the historical quarter back
position of the American football. This is a critical position in the game
because the quarter back does not only have to be physical but must also be
intelligent. This is because of the strategic decisions that the quarter back
has to make about the game. For many years this position has only been reserved
for white Americans, and African Americans and other races have been sidelined
because of the notion of intelligence shortcomings (Hylton,
& Lawrence, 2016).
In the movie race instances of misrepresentation are
seen in the number of African Americans in the school teams. The racing team
appears to be the only team with African Americans and only has two players.
While being very few in the school as well as in the team, they get constantly
harassed because of their skin color (Hopkins, 2016).
Evidence 2:
World Perception of Superiority (Aryan Race)
There existed notions of superiority of the Caucasian
group of people in many parts of the world. This was a notion shared by many
other whites in the world and shows how the aspect of racism and discrimination
was widespread in the world.
The social system called Fascism was fueled by Adolf
Hitler who wanted to spread it to the rest of the world it was rooted in the
racial notion of superiority where they considered themselves the Aryan race
which they claimed to be superior. They used this notion to spread their
ideology and oppress other races especially the Jews who were greatly suffering
in Germany (Hylton, 2010).
In the movie race (2016), Jessy manages to
participate in the Berlin Olympics despite the level of racism in the country.
He wins his first Gold medal, and as part of the Olympic tradition, he has to
be congratulated personally by the chancellor who is Adolf Hitler. However,
Hitler refuses to congratulate him because of his race.
Evidence 3:
Restrictions and Limitation of Potential Sports Men and Women
Many African Americans have it difficult to be
accepted as part of the American racing community because of racial
discrimination. Such restrictions have led to the limitation of many \ men and
women from being part of sports. The use of factors such as IQ to limit and
close the opportunity of many African Americans for playing in particular
sports. Such racial notion shave hindered the ability of many people of color
from taking part in sports. This is a factor that has limited many young and
potential athletes from fully achieving their potential (Elias,
2017).
In the movie, Jessy’s first race is a hundred yard
dash for which he breaks the record with 9.3 seconds. However, the office
refuses to accept the record and gives him 9.4 because Jessy is African
American. Jessy had, in fact, ran the race with an injured back (Hopkins,
2016).
Conclusion
It is very clear that racism in sports exists, not
only in America but the rest of the world. It is mostly based on notions of
inferiority. However, this notions have from time to time been proven wrong by
producing exceptional athletes from the racial groups considered inferior.
As a result of the negative implications of racism
in the society, the country is holding itself back of potential athletes and
other sportsmen and women that people from other races can produce. There exist
many capable young men and women who have been limited form their full
potential because of racism (Madigan, 2014).
References
Elias,
I. (2017). REDSKINS? SPORTS MASCOTS, INDIAN NATIONS, AND WHITE RACISM. News From Native California, 30(3), 48.
Hopkins,
S. (Director). (2016). Race [Motion Picture]
Hylton,
K. (2010). How a turn to critical race theory can contribute to our
understanding of 'race', racism and anti-racism in sport. International Review For The Sociology Of Sport, 45(3), 335-354.
doi:10.1177/1012690210371045
Hylton,
K., & Lawrence, S. (2016). ‘For your ears only!’ Donald Sterling and
backstage racism in sport. Ethnic &
Racial Studies, 39(15), 2740-2757. doi:10.1080/01419870.2016.1177193
Madigan, T. D. (2014). The Sociology of Sports.
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