Historical overview
China |
USA |
China has been taking up
globalization for many centuries.
|
The United States that was formerly
reserved about taking up globalization became active at the opening of world
markets relinquishing of its protectionist policies that had been the norm in
the 19th century up to the 1930s (Hopkins, 2002). |
The first historical indication of
China engaging in internationalism was during the Han Dynasty. The dynasty further developed avenues
of contact between China and Europe making routes that facilitated for trade
between the Dynasty and other nations making it even stronger (Bayly, 2004). |
During the early post-World War
period all the way to the 1960s, a massive census in the United States was
for the idea of liberal international trade policies(Hopkins, 2002). |
In the beginning, the Huns in the
north were seeking to attack and rule the frontiers of Han. Emperor Wu of Han
in an attempt to protect his borders sought to develop economic and political
alliances with a country called Dayuezhi so as to join forces in fighting the
enemy attacks (Bayly, 2004). |
The USA decision to allow the dollar
be determined in the free market played a significant role at the
globalization of currency markets which paved the way for other financial
markets (Bowles,2007). |
Analysis of the impact of economic
change
Globalization has a varied effect on the three Es of
sustainability. These are; Equity, Ecology, and Economy.
China |
USA |
·
The
economy of China under the more open laws to globalization and the global
market has grown exponentially during 1978 to 2012, the GDP of China grew at
about 9.8% annually, and it increased more than 22.5 times during the period
(Killion, 2006). ·
By
the year 2010, China surpassed Japan to become the world’s second largest
economy and also surpassed Germany in Export volume to become the world’s largest. |
·
The
United States’ economy grew substantially in the post-Second World War
following the globalization efforts of the country that emerged as one of the
World’s superpower. ·
During
the Cold War with Russia, it is the globalization effort by the USA that made
them come up on top. |
·
On
the equity front, it has become an unequal country despite the fact that
China was known for its equality in socialism. It is because of the
difference in income in the country. ·
The
UNDP, Human Development Report (2005) indicated that if the world were one
country, globalization would result in 20% of the world’s population having
more than three-quarters of the income. ·
The
poorest 40% would have a mere 5% of the world’s income leading to the
so-called Champaign glass effect. |
·
However,
there have been questions on the level of inequality in the country. ·
The
number of the poor in the country is increasing. ·
The industrial workers are also losing their
jobs as a result of globalization since most industry players prefer to outsource
some products from China and other countries where the cost of production is
lower. ·
It is this that has further deepened
inequality in the country (Bowles,2007). |
·
The
ecology and the environment of China have also been adversely affected. ·
In the present due to the rapid
industrialization to meet the demand of exportation, China is experiencing
one of the worst environmental hazards.
|
·
The
ecological pressure on the USA has also continued with globalization that has
brought stiff competition from key players in industries. ·
There
is also welcoming of foreign explorers and exploiters that in some cases have
led to massive environmental degradation. ·
For example, the BP oil spill that caused a
lot of ecological problems yet the firm was from Britain.
|
Conclusion Part 1
Globalization has significantly increased and enhanced the
mobility of goods and services through the division of labor of industry
players. It has led to efficiency and focus on primary competencies of
industries since they can outsource or partner with multinationals. It is this
that has made trade more efficient, competitive and enhanced lives of billions
of people globally (Bowles,2007).
The global cooperation has also led to exemplary low prices in most cases.
However, it has led to major inequality challenges as well as ecological
challenges due to the overstretching of resources and the environment. It has
also resulted in the outsourcing of labor and services leading to loss of jobs
and ultimately inequality. However, the benefits of the increased productivity
and GDP growth overcome the challenges since the multinationals can join forces
and resources to address the challenges that come with their cooperation.
Conclusion Part 2
The Cities in China and the USA have experienced marginal
changes in income with more. There is a general growth in the rate of revenue
with the poverty levels reducing marginally over the years. However, there are
sustainability challenges experienced in the two countries. These are
ecological issues with China being the most affected. The increased
industrialization severely damages their environment.
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